Zahra Mahmood Kelaye; Reza Akbarian; Mohammad Saeidi Mehr; reza akbari
Volume 10, Issue 40 , January 2015, , Pages 145-162
Abstract
There is a basic subject about how do human achieve to common and proved facts that Augustine has faced withal in his epistemological topics. He explained the problem by using Illumination theory. His equivocal phrases in explaining the meaning and content of illumination mainly makes faces addressee ...
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There is a basic subject about how do human achieve to common and proved facts that Augustine has faced withal in his epistemological topics. He explained the problem by using Illumination theory. His equivocal phrases in explaining the meaning and content of illumination mainly makes faces addressee with this subject whether the illumination is an intellect's natural ability in understanding from the perspective of Augustine or refers to intervention of divine precept out of mind in the human perception? In this article, we have tried to examine Gilson interpretation as one of the most important Augustine exponents by referring to the different views on the interpretation of the theory of illumination. Gilson believes that Augustine has emphasized on both sides Inherent ability of reason and Illuminative divine action in process of recognition.
reza akbarian; mohsen emami na'ini
Abstract
In this article, Mullā Sadrā’s theories on practical philosophy are compared with those of Aristotle, Al-Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā, and Suhrawardī, revealing Mulla Sadrā’s radical innovations in the matter in respects to their widely revered views. Muslim philosophers such as Al-Farabi and, ...
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In this article, Mullā Sadrā’s theories on practical philosophy are compared with those of Aristotle, Al-Fārābī, Ibn Sīnā, and Suhrawardī, revealing Mulla Sadrā’s radical innovations in the matter in respects to their widely revered views. Muslim philosophers such as Al-Farabi and, after him, Ibn Sina, regarded action and will as secondary and subordinate. By introducing this problem, the author is not to claim that they paid no attention to practical issues or to the value of man’s acts; but it is meant to say that, like Aristotle, they deemed thought to be principial and thus the will subordinate to it. Despite opposition of Ash‘ari scholars in general and Ghazali in particular and somehow jurists and mystics, such a view was followed until the time of Suhrawardi and Ibn Arabi. At this time, Al-Farabi and Ibn Sina’s views on the matter were criticized and a new path was taken on the issue of the priority of thought to practice and priority of thought to will. However, Mulla Sadra presented the most innovative view on this issue on the basis of an inclusive view on existence as well as on man in theoretical and practical realms. On this basis, Mulla Sadra rejected both the views of Al-Farabi and Ibn Sina who considered God to be an Agent-by-foreknowledge so that he may deem God’s knowledge to be sufficient to realize it, and Suhrawardi’s theory according to which God’s agency was agency-by-agreement, so that His active knowledge may suffice for the realization of action. For him, nor knowledge is primary and essential neither will and action are secondary and subordinate. Basing himself on such a view, Mulla Sadra proceeds to discuss the relation between speculative and practical philosophy and provides ideas that are fully different from those of previous philosophers on the issues of practical philosophy and political philosophy, as well as concerning the qualities of the first ruler of the polis. The aim of this article is to present an account of Mulla Sadra’s ideas concerning the relation between theory and practice, and to demonstrate its philosophical implications in the field of political thinking as compared to the present situation.
reaz akbarian; tayebeh karami
Abstract
The relationship between incorporeal and material things is one of the most important issues in philosophy. Two-fold nature of Soul let it to be mediation between the intellect and the matter. This role of the soul is explained differently in the Plotinus and Mulla-sadra's philosophy. In Plotinus’ ...
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The relationship between incorporeal and material things is one of the most important issues in philosophy. Two-fold nature of Soul let it to be mediation between the intellect and the matter. This role of the soul is explained differently in the Plotinus and Mulla-sadra's philosophy. In Plotinus’ philosophy, the soul has two parts: higher and lower. The higher part is connected to the intellect realm and the lower one associated with the body. The soul is absolutely unaffected even in the lower part. Nature, which is the manifestation of the universal soul, is the mediator between the body and the immaterial soul. But soul in Mulla-sadra's point of view is not completely immaterial. The soul can become immaterial through the substantial movement. As a result, the soul involves the immaterial and corporeal worlds.
reza akbarian; amili novo egliza
Abstract
The fact that Corbin left the realm of Western philosophy to devote himself to Islamic philosophy and Iranian theosophers has usually been considered as a radical "rupture" in Corbin's philosophical thought. This article aims at showing that in reality, there is no contradiction but rather a deep continuity ...
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The fact that Corbin left the realm of Western philosophy to devote himself to Islamic philosophy and Iranian theosophers has usually been considered as a radical "rupture" in Corbin's philosophical thought. This article aims at showing that in reality, there is no contradiction but rather a deep continuity in his philosophical path, which was guided by a unique quest of being. Corbin was therefore deeply influenced by Heidegger's main issue of "being qua being" as well as his hermeneutical methodology, but reached another apprehension and level of being through his acquaintance with Mullâ Sadrâ's transcendental philosophy. This crossed-approach led to the transformation of the Heideggerian "Being-towards-death" into the Sadrian "Being-beyond-death", and revealed the deep correspondence between the mode of being and the mode of comprehension as well as the complementary nature of philosophy and mysticism; the latter being the essential and only true realm in which, through presential knowledge, "the fundamental reality of being" may be grasped.
reza akbarian
Abstract
The foundation and corner stone ef Mulla Sadra's attitude toiuards man depends on his whole philosophical system of Transcendent PhilosopfD, tuhich is plunged deep!J into his metapysical vieiv efman as a microcosm in whom creation returns to its source and multiplidty to its uniry; The prindples of his ...
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The foundation and corner stone ef Mulla Sadra's attitude toiuards man depends on his whole philosophical system of Transcendent PhilosopfD, tuhich is plunged deep!J into his metapysical vieiv efman as a microcosm in whom creation returns to its source and multiplidty to its uniry; The prindples of his stttcfy provide, therefore, the last link in the rycle of his cosmology and a kry for the understanding ef the macrocosm in a ivqy that it stands between all things, and all things have appan'tions and signs uitbin it and in a wqy that the elements are best mixed and all the faculties ef the Soul assembled and potentia!!J it can adopt every attribute and quality in existence. It is in the same spirit that Mui/a Sadra tells us that God has placed everything that is in the Universe in man and he is considered to be Divine vicegerent, epiphatry of divine name, and macrocosm that extends its relevanry toiuard its source, the Divine, on the one hand, and toiuard the immeasurable cosmos, on the other. Also he insists thatpotential!J every man is Universal Man but in actuality on!J the prophets and the saints can be called l?J such a title and can be foll02ved as prototypes ef the spiritual life and guides on the path ef realization. This article intend to represent a fe1.v ef Mtt!la Sadra 's teachings on man as one small example with Knmvledge and nnsdo»: as the highest attributes that caused the superiority of him 'to the others. The soul is a part andparcel ofhim that accompanies him from the highest station to the lowest level of being. Nian cannot know all that is in the Universe ry going around and stucfying because life is too short and the world too large; on!J ry stucfying himse!f can he come to the knoivledge of all things which already exist within him. This article also treats various dimensions of the knowledge of the soul and its role in the knowledge of God and the divine act (macrocosm).
